Computers help in agriculture Free Essays

Farming Computers help in horticulture? It can’t sow seeds or reap crops or water fields. Yet, it can support the ranchers and the rural researcher in different phases of cultivating. Furthermore, why haven’t we utilized PCs in horticulture till date? Only one explanation, ranchers are not happy with PCs. We will compose a custom article test on PCs help in farming? or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Furthermore, since there’s no market for such an innovation, the business never tried to think about that field for making any product. Nations like USA and Australia use programming in their everyday cultivating action. It encourages them pick the correct yield for their field, track the development and bookkeeping subsequent to reaping. Unmistakably such innovation is pointless for Indian horticulture situation in light of the fact that most ranchers in India can't viably utilize it and just a couple would put resources into such an instrument. So can PC innovation truly help Indian or different nations horticulture? Also, my answer is a major yes. It has a greater task to carry out in Indian horticulture than in some other nations. Indian agribusiness frameworks have a beneficial interaction among ranchers and horticulture researchers. Researchers need contribution from ranchers about their experience, to think of new techniques for ranchers. In the event that we can by one way or another profit all the important information to researcher, they can without a doubt think of better techniques. Also, on the off chance that we can help in their system arranging by giving instruments to do that, researchers will have the option to think about various procedures. Having utilized the researchers to come up different cultivating procedures, the following clear advance is to uphold these methodologies through ranchers by letting them pick the one which suits their territory the best. Envision programming, which can foresee the dirt fruitfulness of a land in the wake of reaping a specific yield, if we have the dirt ripeness data of the land and the harvest to be gathered at this point. Well on the off chance that you can anticipate the richness of the dirt after a specific yield collect, it lets you choose what’s different harvests can be developed later and chooses the best harvest turn strategy. This would ensure the best return constantly. We are not in a perfect existence where everybody is a PC wizard. In such a non-perfect world, what great would it bring whenever given to ranchers? What number of ranchers are out there who can productively utilize such an apparatus? How to make programming that is so natural to utilize in any event, for ranchers? Then again, in the event that we give this instrument to researcher or government authorities, they can assist ranchers with picking the best harvest for their properties. The most effective method to refer to Computers help in horticulture?, Papers

Reforms in Education Industry

Question: Talk about the Reforms in Education Industry. Answer: Changes in the Australian Education Industry Presentation The Australian instruction industry is picked by me to finish this examination paper viably. It is a result of the Australian instruction industry is rapidly creating industry as stand out from various endeavors. Besides, there can be seen measures and current progressions in the Australian training industry. In the prior years, a couple of creative progressions and examples occurred in the instruction business of the countries. These upgrades just as examples have changed the reputation of the business. Furthermore, present day and component informative game plans and frameworks are the genuine explanations behind the headway in the business. These dynamic examples just as enhancements have overhauled the image of the Australian training industry in everywhere throughout the world. Alongside this, this paper would be significant to portray the current examples of the Australian guidance industry. In addition, in this paper, unmistakable sorts of headway of the preparation business would be discussed to complete the consequences of the investigation in an adequate and a legitimate way also, this investigation paper would be valuable to develop a sensible appreciation about the Australian guidance industry in the minds of understudies just as experts. Changes in Education Industry of Australia In the current day, Australian preparing industry is considered as the most unique and innovative industry on the planet. It is an aftereffect of the guidance course of action of Australia consolidates both close by and overall understudies in an equal manner. Nowadays, there can be seen genuine changes in the guidance game plan of the nations. For case, starting at now, it is the most down to earth and engaging industry on the planet. The organization of the nation has made current enlightening techniques to animate the overall understudies. With the help of Australian preparing industry, understudies of the extensive number of nations may fulfill their informative dreams appropriately (Australian Education System, 2016). The legislature has organized the guidance structure in the three vital parts: tertiary, fundamental and discretionary just to upgrade the preparation course of action of the nation. What's more, the component educational plans and frameworks of nation animate outcasts to make their duties in the improvement of the business. The organization gives budgetary help and useful establishment to upgrade the guidance level of the foundations, universities and schools of the nation (Schiller and Liefner, 2007). Alongside this, the Australian government has grasped an executed guidance system to reduce the informational issues inside the business. The legislature expect a critical part to give significant merriments and good sponsorship workplaces to the preparation business of the nation. The organization screens the execution of the guidance system on the reliable reason. In a similar way, in the prior years, there can be seen lively upgrades in the educational portion of the nation. These headways reveal principled changes inside the educational structure. For case, there is a wide collection of persuading approach inside the Australian preparing structure. This strategy is principal with a particular ultimate objective to make the structure progressively inventive and fruitful at the overall level (Smith, 2010). Likewise, the other genuine change in the preparation business is that it can upgrade the aptitudes, data and cutoff points of understudies and also students for their impressive future. Also, the organization of Australia has a crucial effect by offering unmistakable exceptional informative techniques and approaches to manage the business. The Australian government is completing assorted guidelines and controls in the preparation business; so the nation may focus on free and obligatory guidance for the general progression of everybody. The genuine target of the Australian government is the help of preparing in each and every side of the nation (Graham, 2013). In addition, the assessment exhibits that, the Australian government has extended its monetary arrangement on preparing recently. The lawmaking body set up different sorts of NGO's and open relationship to build up an inventive and excited informational culture inside the nation. These NGO's and open affiliations invigorate guidance inside and outside of the nation. Alongside this, the Australian guidance structure is sensible masterminded as opposed to theory arranged. It is a huge change that has been done in the business. The preparation business doesn't focus on the theoretical learning. It focuses on the general physical and mental headway of the understudies or students. The governing body of nation offers different awards and besides leads getting ready undertakings to engage the understudies for the guidance (Eggins, 2014). For example, the Australian government has made Commonwealth Grants Scheme to give financial help to the analysts. The Australian government moreover settled particular sorts of cash related associations to offer guidelines credit workplaces to the poor followers. For case, propelled training advance ventures have permitted advances of different understudies; so they can complete their high guidance in a fitting manner. Aside from this, the other noteworthy change is that the Australian government has begun different courses of action and techniques for the charge deregulation, enrichment cuts, and system progression at the overall level. Thusly, it very well may be normal that, there have been done different changes in the preparation business of Australia. These progressions are valuable to decrease the issues of preparing game plan of the nation (Blackmore and Sachs, 2012). These progressions are valuable to upgrade the guidance level, just as the business and compensation level of the nation in a strong and an important way. End Based on the above talk, it tends not out of the ordinary that, the Australian preparing industry has ended up being obvious in wherever all through the world. The forefront techniques and methodologies of the Australian government make the preparation structure increasingly gainful and solid for the specialists. Besides, the financing workplaces and sponsorships gave by the organization; NGO's and open affiliations expect a basic part in the general progression of understudies or students. What's more, the lawmaking body has made a game plan where guidance is a compulsory for each and every person of the nation. This is the most basic change that has been done in the preparation business of Australia. References Australian Education System. (2016). Study in Australia. Accessible At: https://www.studyinaustralia.gov.au/worldwide/australian-instruction/training framework [Accessed On: sixth April 2017] Blackmore, J. what's more, Sachs, J. (2012). Performing and Reforming Leaders: Gender, Educational Restructuring, and Organizational Change. USA: SUNY Press. Eggins, H. (2014). Globalization and change in advanced education. Australia: University of Michigan. Graham, J. (2013). Worldwide Education Reform Movement. Proficient Voice, 9(3), pp. 5-47. Schiller, D. what's more, Liefner, I. (2007). Advanced education subsidizing change and universityindustry connects in creating nations: The instance of Thailand. Advanced education, 54(4), pp.543-556. Smith, E. (2010). An audit of twenty years of competency?based preparing in the Australian professional instruction and preparing framework. Worldwide diary of preparing and improvement, 14(1), pp.54-64.

Medical Assistant Resume Examples, Template Resume Tips

Medical Assistant Resume Examples, Template Resume Tips In order to get a job position in medicine, it is important to show that you are responsible and reliable.One of the first steps to getting the job of a medical assistant is to write a good resume, which will outline your greatest strengths and show you in your best light. Here, we will help you understand how to make a good resume.You will get useful pieces of advice and read about the best practices which will enable you to write a resume that will make your desired employer want to hire you right away.First, let us take a look at two examples of good resumes. You will get the basic idea of what yours should look like. Also, you may try our resume builder that will help you focus on the contents instead of its form.Later, we will break down the parts of the resume for you and explain in more detail how to write each section.Medical Assistant Resume Example Right Medical Assistant Resume Sample Right Create your own resumePERSONAL INFO SECTIONThis is the section where you should write your personal information.Though this may seem to be the simplest part, it surely deserves some attention.You should be careful about what you will write and what you will omit here.What Should You Include?You should write some basic information about yourself. These are your name, address, email, and phone number.Remember, when writing your name, you should include your first and last name and, if you wish, your middle name.Make sure never to write any nickname your friends or family might have given you. For example,Mark Smith or Mark William Smithis a good practice. RightMark ‘BullsEye’ Smithis very unprofessional to be seen in a resume. WrongThe same goes for your email address. You should have an email address with your full name, excluding any nicknames. To show you an example,mark.smith@gmail.comis good. Rightbullseye.mark@gmail.comis quite bad. WrongIf you already have a job while you are applying for a new one, do not write your work email. It may seem convenient at the time, but it would be very problematic if your current boss finds out about that.Also, if you get your target job, you will still need to use your email, and it would not be professional to use am address affiliated with another company.Before printing or sending your resume, double check if you have written your email address correctly.You do not want to lose a good opportunity due to a spelling mistake.What Should You Omit?There are certain pieces of information that you should not include in your resume.Some of these pieces of information may be used, consciously or unconsciously, for discrimination.Now there are laws against it, but omitting the following will certainly be good.These are nationality, gender, date, and place of birth, marital status, number of children, religion.Moreover, the hiring managers are interested in your skills and qualificat ions, and the resume should include only the data which serves the purpose.Anything more than that will stand in the way and obscure what they really want to see. So be careful and stick only to what is significant for the position you are applying for.Optional ItemsPhotos are optional, although they are typically not added to resumes in the USA.Having a LinkedIn profile is highly encouraged as your potential employer will have a better perspective on your professional career. If you have a profile on this network, feel free to add it to your resume.However, any other social media links are not necessary.And not only that, it would be quite unprofessional to include them.Since you are applying for a position in health care, there are not any social media sites that would connect you in a professional way with other areas of medicine (apart from the abovementioned LinkedIn).SUMMARY SECTIONThis is a very important part of your resume. You should present yourself and your medical backg round/knowledge/experience, all in only a couple of sentences.The summary should give the hiring manager the basic idea about you and make him want to keep reading your resume.This is the part that should catch their attention and show you as a medical professional who is perfect for the job position.Here, you should include some of your strongest points and biggest achievement(s). Note that you should not include every single thing you have done so far.There will be a place for that.For now, choose the skills and accomplishments that will give the hiring manager a picture of a true professional.If you have worked as an administrative medical assistant, you may want to mention that you have led a database of 5,000 patients and that you successfully scheduled appointments for 4 doctors who worked in your former clinic. You may want to emphasize skills such as good organization, reliability, being detail-oriented, perception.If you have experience working as a clinical medical assista nt, your summary will include that you are skilled in removing stitches, drawing blood, or doing some basic laboratory tests. The skills worth mentioning here are precision, fast learning, patience, keen eye.If you have worked or studied to be a specialized medical assistant, such as ophthalmic or podiatric, the summary is an appropriate place to mention the skills and knowledge you have gained.In that way, you will ensure that the hiring manager continues reading through your resume and possibly finding you to be a suitable candidate for the position.It is a good practice to write your summary last after you have finished all the other sections.By doing this, you will first have an overview of your whole resume. Looking at it, you will be able to choose the most relevant details that match the job description.Here are a few useful pieces of advice:Start with your professional title. You may add years of work experience.Choose 3-4 most impressive points from your resume and include them in the summary. The hiring manager will have a quick peek into your qualifications for the job. But do not forget to match them with the job requirements.Use as many keywords found in the job description as you can. Do not overcrowd your summary, but this strategy will make your resume relevant.Try to quantify your achievements, as numbers are easily spotted and better remembered.Avoid writing what you want in the summary. Focus on how you can contribute to the company with your abilities and skills.Focus on accomplishment rather than on skills. For instance, it is much better to write that you have successfully instructed several hundred patients on how to insert, remove, and care for contact lenses than you say that you are patient and have good communication skills.Keep it up to 5 sentences long. It should not be longer than that. All the additional information will be included in the rest of the resume.EXPERIENCE SECTIONThis is where you show your past experiences and what you have gained from them.The hiring manager wants to see here what skills you have acquired and how you deal with your obligations and duties.Every job that you list should include several pieces of information. These are:the company you worked for,the time period of your employment there, and4-5 duties/accomplishments from that position.Remember that you want to show your potential employer that you are the best person for this job.Take a look at the job description and highlight the duties and skills which go best with the requirements for the job.This, of course, doesn’t mean that you should omit anything that is not directly related to your desired job. Do not leave blank space in your resume.This means that you should put the most important achievements first so that these catch the readers attention.The way you describe your past positions is very important. You should highlight your achievements and not just your duties.An example of a practice to avoid is:Handled appointm ent scheduling. WrongIt is much better to write:Handled appointment scheduling for around 5000 patients for 5 clinicians. RightQuantification is always a good choice as numbers stick to mind easily and you will more likely be remembered among a number of candidates.If you do not have much work experience, but you have had internships or volunteer work, you may well add it to the experience list. Write it the same way you would write a formal work experience.As you can see, the description of your previous positions is the crucial point here.We will offer some guidelines which will help you tailor these for the best results possible.The experience that is directly related to the desired job is significant.Soft skills and dealing with patients is highly valued by the potential employer.Focusing your experience on the contact with patients is your key to success.Generally, large clinics need people with a specific set of skills, while small clinics prefer those who have more diverse capabilities. It would be quite useful to make your resume fit this distinction.EDUCATION SECTIONYou will write this section in the same way as you wrote the experience section. Let us revise and adapt these pieces of advice.Use the reverse-chronological order, that is, write the latest medical training or course you have attended first, and then go back in time.The pieces of information you should write here are the time period when you attended the course, the institution where you went, and the medical achievements you have. You should include your GPA, though you may want to omit it if it is not very good. Feel free to add any accomplishments which are related to your desired position and which will showcase your capabilities needed for the job. Of course, do not forget to match those with the job description as well as you can.List every certificate that is connected with the job. The more of these, the better chance you have to be called to the interview.Point out the areas of study in which you excelled.Add any medical associations you became a member of.Add any extracurricular activities that you participated in.Include any honors or awards that you received.SKILLS SECTIONThis section is meant to show all your skills and capabilities.You should make a mix of hard skills â€" those which are learned at schools and courses and gradable, and soft skills â€" those which are learned throughout life, the skills of communicating and dealing with people.You may divide them into two subsections or write them together.Now we will take a look at some skills which are useful for a medical assistant.Time management. As most medical assistants have to schedule appointments, this skill is very important, especially if you are applying for a position of a medical practice business assistant.Teamwork. You will collaborate with one or more doctors and nurses. Therefore, it is crucial that you work well in a team.Computer literacy. Your future job will probably consist of using a hospital database software. Having computer skills, such as working knowledge of EHR software (or any similar to this), fast typing speed, or data entry, will be suitable to mention here.Telephone skills. If your desired job consists of talking on the phone, add that you are experienced or skilled in answering the phone and making follow-up calls.This job may require you to have several things in your mind at a time. Being good at dealing with multiple issues is a desirable skill.Communication skills. Being in constant contact with patients and other medical staff, you will certainly need to have excellent communication skills. These include patience, active listening, friendliness, confidence, empathy, respect, responsiveness, understanding non-verbal cues.Patient care. As a medical assistant, you will take care of patients, prepare them for examinations, perform preliminary physical tests such as taking the blood pressure, weight, or temperature, maybe even draw blood. Al l of these require you to be professional with how you approach and deal with the patient and therefore render this skill as extremely significant.Knowledge of medical terminology. It may seem obvious, but it will not be too much to mention that you have a great knowledge of the medical terminology, especially the one specific to the speciality of the clinic. If you want to work in a gynaecological clinic, you should know the terminology related to gynaecology. If you want to work in a laboratory, you should know the terms used there.You do not have to list all these skills in your resume. It may seem suspicious if you do.Instead, focus on those which are your strongest points and for which you have a backup, that is an example/situation where you displayed the knowledge or skill.This may be useful for you at the interview later.Also, look at the job description and tailor the skills section so that it matches what the job posting requires for a candidate. Use keywords for a better match.Here is an excerpt from a job posting:Duties will include electronic chart preparation, assisting with patient care, rooming, taking vitals, screening/charting of medical history, procedures, scheduling diagnostic testing, obtaining authorization, instrument sterilization and patient follow-up.A good skills section would read like this:Data entry: familiar with the EHR software and the use of databases.Time management: experienced with scheduling and rescheduling diagnostic testing for a number of doctors.Teamwork: collaborative and responsive, a good leader; also follow instructions well.Medical knowledge: theoretical and practical knowledge of patient care, taking vitals, and instrument sterilization.FINAL WORDIn this text, we were aimed at helping you to write a resume for the position of a medical assistant which will catch the eye of the hiring manager instantly.If you follow our pieces of advice, we hope that you will get the chance to move on to the interview and get th e job.For an easier process of writing, use our resume builder and focus on the information itself instead of the form of your resume.In the first part of the text, you could take a look at two examples of medical assistant resumes. You could see what they look like and, we are sure you noticed that it is not very difficult.You could read important pieces of advice on how to write each section of the resume and saw some examples of good and bad practices.We hope that we managed to answer your doubts about this topic and we wish you the best of luck in obtaining your dream job! Create your own resume

Violence And Violence In The Second Coming By William...

Yeats wrote â€Å"The Second Coming† shortly after World War I devastated life on Earth in 1919. As Europe progressed to rebuild itself after the end of the war, the future of humanity hung in the balance as humans needed to learn from the mistakes of past generations, otherwise they would face the end of the human race. Throughout his lifetime, Yeats witnessed the degradation of the value of human life and man’s natural instincts of violence through the ferocious conflicts of World War I, the Russian Revolution, etc. Following these brutal incidents, Yeats loses faith in the influence of the Christian religion to morally guide man-kind. Yeats witnesses the horrific sacrifice of human life and prophesizes the inevitable end of the Christian era†¦show more content†¦Yeats starts his poem with the phrase â€Å"Turning and turning in the widening gyre/the falcon cannot hear the falconer† (1-2). The poem begins with the image of a falcon, a symbol of nobilit y and tradition, swinging out of earshot in a widening gyre; deaf to the instructions of its master (1). Falconry â€Å"was a popular medieval sport practiced widely by the nobility in European countries† (Medieval Falconry). The lost bird flies with no guidance, similar to the disorientation that European nobility feels as they have drifted so far away from Christianity’s values of respecting life. The disconnection between the two reinforces the speakers belief that things fall apart and the old traditions of man, such as respecting an individual’s future and life, have been discarded (3). The bird flies farther and farther from its sense of order, drawing on the fact how the world seemed to be spinning out of control as the feuds of nations unbalanced the order of life. Yeats highlights the application of the imagery to Europe with â€Å"mere anarchy is loosed upon the world† (4). Yeats witnessed the â€Å"anarchy† of the societal revolutions an d war between nations. The image of the lost falcon defines the spirit of the age, characterized by anarchy, violence, and theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Second Coming By William Butler Yeats882 Words   |  4 PagesThe Poem The Second Coming from William Butler Yeats is about Revolutions, (John 2.18). When Yeats wrote The Second Coming the world around him had so much violence and turmoil. While WW1 had just come to an end, The Russian Revolutions had started, and The Angelo Irish War was approaching. Because of all these events, Yeats was trying to come to terms with the end of an age and the future of the 20th Century changed, that to Yeats was leaving the future in chaos and leaving Yeats struggling toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Second Coming By William Butler Yeats715 Words   |  3 PagesWilliam Butler Yeats’ poetry critiques the events of his turbulent context by expressing anxieties existing within society as well as within individuals. Composed at a time of fundam ental change, post WWI and the Russian Revolution, Yeats’ modernistic poem The Second Coming highlights a chaotic and dysfunctional outlook for the future, ultimately depicting society’s uncertainties for the unknown future. On the other hand, Easter 1916 provides insight into Yeats’ own personal reality wherein he questionsRead MoreThe Parable Of The Good Seed1253 Words   |  6 Pageswith several literary elements, but many make a single one its main focus. This same concept is seen with the poems â€Å"The Parable of the Good Seed† by Matthew, â€Å"Love Calls Us to the Things of This World† by Richard Wilbur, and â€Å"The Second Coming† by William Butler Yeats. All three poets focus on the same allusion of religion throughout their poems all in their own unique way. Each alludes to ideas outside of the actual poem by incorporating religious structures and beliefs. Whether its literatureRead MoreAnalysis Of When You Are Old By Willi am Butler Yeats911 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Butler Yeats’ texts have become more valued over time as they have explored difficult and lasting concepts that relate to the human condition across time frames. The ideas include; unrequited love, chaos and change, and death. These ideas are explored throughout his 3 poems â€Å"When you are old† written in 1893, â€Å"The Second Coming† written in 1919 and â€Å"An Irish airman foresees his death† written in 1918. Yeats wrote, â€Å"When you are Old† when he was 28 and the poem talks about his unrequitedRead More The Irish Troubles: Yeats Poetry Essays2024 Words   |  9 PagesPoetry William Butler Yeats, born in Dublin, Ireland [June 13, 1865], is considered by many to be one of the greatest English-language poets of the 20th century. The following exposition, grounded on the hypothesis that Yeats’ poetry was resolutely influenced by the political occurrences of that time period, will give biographical information, a recounting of the political upheaval during that period, specific poetry excerpts/critical analysis and validation of hypothesis. William Butler Yeats isRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart And William Butler Yeats The Second Coming1128 Words   |  5 Pageshow it has been illustrated in the past. This in turn connects the readers with two works that seemingly contradict with the ideas of Miller and can be seen as tragedies, they include Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart and William Butler Yeats’ poem â€Å"The Second Coming.† In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, as we all readers know pursues the stereotypical set-up of developing a tragic hero to a certain extent. In my eyes, the common man is Okonkwo whose tragic figure is troubled withRead MoreTragedy And The Common Man By Arthur Miller1675 Words   |  7 Pagesto how it has been illustrated in the past. This in turn hooks the readers with two works that seemingly contradict with the ideas of Miller and can be seen as tragedies, they include Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart and William Butler Yeats’ poem â€Å"The Second Coming.† In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, as we all readers know pursues the stereotypical set-up of developing a tragic hero to a certain extent. In my eyes, the common man is Okonkwo whose tragic figure is troubled withRead MoreAnalysis Of The Second Coming By W. B. Yeats1190 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Butler Yeats was a great Irish poet of the twentieth century. During his lifespan World War I occurred, along with its resulting political upheaval. He also lived in the century before the change of the millennium, a theme touched upon in his poems. He, like many other authors, incorporated the events that occurred during his life into his work. This important factor of the time period is clearly reflected in his work, â€Å"The Second Coming.† The critical consensus regarding the poem â€Å"The SecondRead MoreKeats ´ The Second Coming Essays1246 Words   |  5 Pagesto become even deadlier than before due to the ability to organize attacks. Due to this new world full of bloodshed and new mechanical inventions, the world was falling further and further away from God. William Butler Years expresses his sudden collapse of society in his poem â€Å"The Second Coming†, first composed in January of 1919. The hopelessness of mankind is addressed by Keats’ statement that man cannot save us, God cannot save us, and the question: If man and God can’t save us, then what isRead MoreTragedy And The Modern Man By Arthur Miller Essay1184 Words   |  5 Pagesin the poem â€Å"The Second Coming† by William Butler Yeats. â€Å"Things fall apart; the Centre cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosened upon the world, the blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere the ceremony of innocence is drowned† (Lines 3-6). This shows that evil has prevailed and it is taking over the world. It is like a revolution where there are filled with violence and darkness. This takes control of them, blinding them from the greater picture. They ar e so lost in the violence, that they wait for

Matching Opposites ESL Lesson Plan

Philosophy Report Free Essays

Compare, contrast, and evaluate Plato and Mill on the relation between the individual and society. Two of the greatest minds in intellectual thought, Plato and Mill living in relatively different times, they both shared the same issues and concerns but with very distinct perspectives. Plato believed that freedom was justice in the soul while Mill was defending freedom within a democracy. We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now Is one freedom better than another freedom? Plato tries to show that individual justice mirrors political justice. He believed that the soul of every individual has a three part structure interchangeable to the three classes of society. Plato, being an idealist, he believed that his philosophers should be impeccable with knowledge. If â€Å"performing abortions† is morally offensive- in a Platonic society that debate wouldn’t happen, because it would be outright outlawed. So how would we know that it isn’t moral? We would never know. And THAT is the kind of suppression Mill disagrees with- isn’t finding out the truth more important than morality? Or is ignorance better than understanding? Mill’s views in the individual and society completely differ from Plato’s. Mill’s view in the individual has the experience and environment that Plato considers unimportant. Mill also believed that a human could develop full potential only by offering the opportunity to define true ability in an individual. He was completely against forcing opinions from one group onto the other. It was doing injustice to the individual. Mill was for the people. He understood society’s struggles when it came to dangerous work stations to where the workers would be paid little to nothing at all. It was an injustice to them to be working so hard and not being appreciated for how hard of an effort workers put into their job. Freedom surely didn’t exist there and Mill strived for that to change. Virtuous and expert rules are possible if and only if the rulers may be philosophers. Plato absolutely believed normal everyday people had no way in becoming a great leader because only intelligence and expertise is only found in Philosophers. He had the perfect picture of an ideal ruler. He also strictly believed one’s abilities portray the certain opportunities given to the philosopher while Mill believed in the complete opposite from that. Each person is naturally suited for a certain task. If you are gifted with intelligence, Plato believes it shouldn’t be put to waste. For example, you are better off being a Doctor than being a construction worker. â€Å"The good city† is possible when â€Å"experts† are in charge of it. Only two worlds existed in Plato’s Theory of the Forms: The visible world and the intelligible world. Knowledge comes down to having knowledge of the forms. You cannot know what is false. Opinion/belief cannot ever be wrong. Knowledge is about what is real or if you have facts to prove whether it’s true or false. Ignorance is separate from pinion but is much clearer than ignorance. It’s part truth, part ignorance. Mill thinks we should be free to do what we want, unless it doesn’t cause harm to society. It would be then, that kind of freedom should be restricted but when can these freedoms be restricted? Should it come to physically harming an individual to their brink of suicide? Physical harm and verbal harm play two different roles in society but I definitely believe are both dangerous. On Liberty, Mill makes funs of Plato that anyone can have an ideal society. Mill also defines justice in a variety of ways before making it into one whole thing. How to cite Philosophy Report, Papers

Robots Essays - Industrial Robotics, Robotics, Robot,

Robots ROBOTS Webster's New World Dictionary defines a robot as any anthropomorphic mechanical being built to do routine manual work for human beings. This term was popularized by the Czech dramatist Karel Capek (1890-1938) in his 1921 play Russum's Universal Robots (R.U.R.). The term has been used in fiction to describe self-controlling machines that resemble human beings. This concept has been the basis of stories starting centuries before, but has become popular due to the writings of science fiction writers and movies. Isaac Asimov's (1920-1992) book I, Robot started the recent interest in robots and this interest has been fostered by recent movies that glamorize robots, i.e. Star Wars and Bicentennial Man. The word robot has become an everyday word in our vocabulary and everyday there is news of additional ways that robots can assist us. There is a growing trend of using robots to perform more and more complex tasks, as computers get more powerful so do robots. Is there a time when we will receive diminishing return from the use of additional robots? Will robots eventually rule the world? These questions and more will have to be addressed, as we become more and more dependent on automation to do the repetitive jobs we do not want. To properly prepare for these questions and issues it is necessary for us to examine the history, present day use, and future of robots. HISTORY Man has been fascinated by the concept of the formation of non-intelligent life for centuries. One of the earliest myths is of Hephaestus, the divine smith who was the Greek god of fire. He was described in The Iliad as having fashioned girls out of gold whom could move, speak, and think. He was also said to have fashioned and animated a bronze statue for King Minos of Crete. This living statue (robot) tirelessly circled the island, guarding it from invasion. There are legends that have Jewish mystics creating artificial being out of clay, referred to as a golem from a Hebrew word meaning ?an unformed clay?. The best known golem is that of Rabbi Loew, who was formed in sixteenth century Prague to protect Jews. Amongst all these legends there was human inventors who were developing devices that would automatically perform acts that could be associated with intelligence. Automatic devices were created that operated by steam, moving fluids, and compressed air. These devices were essentially toys or gadgets of no real use. The first truly useful devices were clocks. The first clocks were water clocks where the water lifted floats with pointers that pointed at the time, Mechanical clocks were invented in the Middle Ages, which used weights for power. Clocks continued to advance in complexity and it became possible to manufacture objects that mimicked actions that were associated with life. These objects that moved automatically were called ?automatons? As technology advanced it became possible to imagine an automation that was truly lifelike. One that would be soulless or mindless and which could go out of control, wreaking death and destruction. These fears influenced the story of Frankenstein during this period and influence those who fear robots today. In 1738 Jacques de Vaucanson created a mechanical duck that was the most celebrated automata of that era. The duck was made of copper and could quack, bath, drink, eat grain, simulate digestion, and voiding. The duck was exhibited all over Europe with great success. Vaucanson soon tired of his invention and turned his talents to more practical matters and invented the first automatic weaving loom. The looms control system was the precursor of today's computerized systems. It is this computerization that turns ordinary machines into robots. The new looms could produce intricate patterns easily and automatically depending on what pattern card was selected. These looms and even the inventors met with worker hostility, but the advantages eventually forced their acceptance. The idea of punched cards led to the development of Boolean algebra, which uses 1 and 0 as on or off. This concept became the basis of digital computers, which are the brains of robots. The first computers were calculating machines used to tabulate numbers. These machines were used to compile large amounts of information, i.e. 1890 census. The need for increased information lead to increases

Islam Relationships with the West

Islam Relationships with the West Introduction Islam is one of the major religious groups spread all over the world. Just like most religious groups derive their principles from holy books, Islam also follow their principles as enshrined in their holy book, which is known as the Qur’an. The devotees of this holy book deem it the word of Allah.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Islam Relationships with the West specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, Islam adherents regard Prophet Muhammad as the prophet of God and his messenger to the world; they follow his teachings and examples which they regard as normative. Muslims are those individuals who identify themselves with Islam (acquiescence to God). The religious practices of Islam entail what they have been referred to as the Five Pillars of Islam; these concern all facets of life and the society at large (Maqsood, 1995). Islam Relationships in the West It is important to note from the ou tset that the relationship between the West and Islam has never been sufficiently positive right from the start of the 20th century. The West has a perception that Islam is a religion mainly concerned with the act of terrorism (Al-Khattar, 2003). The West has therefore become more cautious when dealing with issues that regard Islam. Due to this fact, the relationship between the West and Islam is set to be the characteristic feature in the 21st century, especially with respect to the Middle East. The questions are the policy makers in the West should engage with the Islamic world, whether the spread of democracy in the Muslim regions stop the military forces that generates terrorism and the Western governments and populace deal with the swelling population of Muslims; and how all these will affect the foreign policies of countries like the United States of America (Bascio, 2007). Moreover, the relationship between Islam and the West has become critical. Both the West, especially the United States, and Muslims have never trusted each other as aggression and terror always come in the mid of the relationship that exists between Islam and the West. The fact is that the Western nations, particularly The United States, have become arrogant to the Muslim world on one hand. On the other hand, the Muslim world has continuously maintained militancy against the Western world. This scenario has placed the relationship in perpetual tension. The tensioned was heightened when the events of the infamous 9/11 took place on the soil of the United States of America in which many people of varied nationalities were killed. The United States respondent militarily and this led to even more tension between the two world’s.Advertising Looking for term paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is also political competition between the West and the Islam worlds. Both sides are determ ined to dominate each other politically (Al-Khattar, 2003). It is no doubt that the west are worried that Muslim may surpass them in political terms. However, there are also cultural aspects to the relationship between the West and Islam. The Muslims on the other hand hold the fear that the west will disintegrate their culture. Due to this fear, the Muslim nations have always reacted defensively against the Western nations. In fact, the Muslims tend to decline almost everything that has originated from the West (Al-Khattar, 2003). Further, the Muslim world views the West not as a dialogue partner, but as a repressive colonizer and great enemy. In fact, Islam believes that the West should come to the spirituality of Islam; implying that the West should embrace Islam as a way of life. This has been argued to be one of the fundamental reasons the Muslim world started the project of Islamization and the proclamation of the Islamic science. To this day, the bond between Islam and Western nations is weak. The Spread of Muslim Culture in the United States The presence of Muslim culture in the United States of America started as early as 1880s when thousands of Islamic adherents migrated from the Empire of Ottoman and some regions of South Asia into the United States. At that time, the Muslims did not really have distinctive settlement and most probably they were assimilated into the broader society (Kayyali, 2006). The earliest Muslim documented to have been the first to enter the United States was known as Anthony Janszoon Van Salee; he moved to New Amsterdam around the year 1630. In 1921, Ahmadiyya Muslim Community became the oldest Muslim establishment in the United States of America (Scholz Frijhoff, 2007). The Muslim culture in the United States gained its widespread during the 20th century; much of the growth was accounted for by widespread conversion of those already in the United States and large numbers of immigration into the United States. So, it can be a rgued that that the Muslim culture in the United States is spread by three factors. One of the factors is immigration; the second one is continuous conversion amongst those who already lived in the United States. The recent immigration has accounted for the widespread of Islam in the United States. The third factor that may be considered significant in the spread of Muslim culture in the United States is cultural heritage; the Muslim couples in the United States only teach their children about Islam being the only true religion for them. It therefore means that as more Muslims give birth in the United States, they also spread their religious culture.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Islam Relationships with the West specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Factors Contributing to the Growth and Population of Islam Culture in the United States One of the factors that significantly contribute to the growth and population of Islam culture in the United States is the belief that one should have as many children as he can. This implies that in the Muslim culture, birth control is not practiced and is not supported. Related to this belief is the fact that Muslims believe in poligyny; they can marry upto four wives and with the four wives, a Muslim man can sire as many children as he wishes or he deems appropriate. This scenario has raised the fertility rate amongst Muslims more than any religion or any society of individuals (Naim, 2002). The immigration policy of the United States is one of the contributing factors to growth and population of the Muslim culture. The migration policy that allow individuals to come all over the world to enter and work in the United States is significant and strategic for the Muslim communities to find their way into the United States; this is coupled with the fact that the policy does not place any form of restrictions to the effect of religious affiliations even through the West in general is very much concerned with the increasing size of Muslim population in the region (Larkin, 2001). But, then, it may be difficult to stop the growth of the Muslim population in the United States because there are Muslims who have become citizens of the United States either by natural birth or artificially; these Muslims have rights just like any other citizens who are non-Muslims. Therefore, citizenship is one of the fact ors has ensured increase and growth in the population of Muslim culture in the United States. The fact is that as they give birth, the children automatically become citizens of the United States. It should also not be forgotten that the United States of America has granted its citizens the right and freedom of worship. By virtue of this fact, the population has the right to choose whether to become Islam adherents or not; the choice is personal (Larkin, 2001). Conclusion The relationship between the West and Islam has been full of tension and s uspicion. The Western nations have viewed Muslim world and as a religion to be only concerned with acts terrorism. On the other hand, Muslim world has views the West as colonizers and enemies.Advertising Looking for term paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The spread of Islam culture to the United States of America began in the 1880s during the reign of Ottoman. It is recorded that thousands and thousands of Muslim immigrated into the United States from the Empire of Ottoman between 1880 and 1914. Since then, the culture of Islam has gained widely spread in the United States. The spread of Muslim culture in the United States is facilitated by immigration, birth and cultural heritage. Factors that contribute to growth of Islam population and culture are the United States immigration policies and the rights and freedoms of worship. Reference List Al-Khattar, A. (2003). Religion and terrorism: an interfaith perspective. United States: Greenwood Publishing Group. Bascio, P. (2007). Defeating Islamic terrorism: an alternative strategy. U.S: Branden Books. Kayyali, R. (2006). The Arab Americans. U.S: Greenwood Publishing Group. Larkin, B. (2001). International Religious Freedom (2000): Annual Report: Submitted by the U.S. Department of Stat e (see 0-7567-1338-2 for ‘01 ed.). United States: DIANE Publishing. Maqsood, R. (1995). Islam. Examining religions. Orxford: Heinemann. Naim, A. (2002). Islamic family law in a changing world: a global resource book. New York: Zed Books. Scholz, M. Frijhoff, W. (2007). Fulfilling Gods mission: the two worlds of Dominie Everardus Bogardus, 1607-1647. Netherlands: BRILL.

Simple Random Sampling vs. Systematic Random Sampling

Simple Random Sampling vs. Systematic Random Sampling When we form a statistical sample we always need to be careful in what we are doing. There are many different kinds of sampling techniques that can be used.  Some of these are more appropriate than others. Often what we think would be one kind of sample turns out to be another type. This can be seen when comparing two types of random samples. A simple random sample and a systematic random sample are two different types of sampling techniques. However, the difference between these types of samples is subtle and easy to overlook.  We will compare systematic random samples with simple random samples. Systematic Random vs. Simple Random To begin with, we will look at the definitions of the two types of samples that we are interested in.  Both of these types of samples are random and suppose that everyone in the population is equally likely to be a member of the sample. But, as we will see, not all random samples are the same. The difference between these types of samples has to do with the other part of the definition of a simple random sample. To be a simple random sample of size n, every group of size n must be equally likely of being formed. A systematic random sample relies on some sort of ordering to choose sample members. While the first individual may be chosen by a random method, subsequent members are chosen by means of a predetermined process. The system that we use is not considered to be random, and so some samples that would be formed as a simple random sample cannot be formed as a systematic random sample. An Example Using a Movie Theater To see why this is not the case, we will look at an example. We will pretend that there is a movie theater with 1000 seats, all of which are filled. There are 500 rows with 20 seats in each row. The population here is the entire group of 1000 people at the movie. We will compare a simple random sample of ten moviegoers with a systematic random sample of the same size. A simple random sample can be formed by using a table of random digits. After numbering the seats 000, 001, 002, through 999, we randomly choose a portion of a table of random digits. The first ten distinct three digit blocks that we read in the table are the seats of the people who will form our sample.For a systematic random sample, we can begin by choosing a seat in the theater at random (perhaps this is done by generating a single random number from 000 to 999). Following this random selection, we choose this seat’s occupant as the first member of our sample. The remaining members of the sample are from the seats that are in the nine rows directly behind the first seat (if we run out of rows since our initial seat was in the back of the theater, we start over in the front of the theater and choose seats that line up with our initial seat). For both types of samples, everyone in the theater is equally likely to be chosen. Although we obtain a set of 10 randomly chosen people in both cases, the sampling methods are different. For a simple random sample, it is possible to have a sample that contains two people who are sitting next to each other. However, by the way that we have constructed our systematic random sample, it is impossible not only to have seat neighbors in the same sample but even to have a sample containing two people from the same row. What’s the Difference? The difference between simple random samples and systematic random samples may seem to be slight, but we need to be careful. In order to correctly use many results in statistics, we need to suppose that the processes used to obtain our data were random and independent. When we use a systematic sample, even if randomness is utilized, we no longer have independence.

Presentism and Human Sacrifice in the Aztec Empire Essay

Presentism and Human Sacrifice in the Aztec Empire - Essay Example Among many other distinguishing features, the practice of human sacrifice is a custom that the Aztecs are known for. The sacrifices, which were made for ritualistic and religious purposes have assumed centrality in many contemporary academic debates. It is thus pertinent to discuss and analyze whether it is indeed accurate to judge the practices of the Mesoamerican period using the parameters of contemporary moralities. In Discovering the Global Past, the authors Wiesner, Wheeler, Doeringer and Curtis seek to study the Aztec culture from the perspective of the European colonizers as well as those of the indigenous Aztec people. The historical and ethnographic accounts of Bernardino de Sahagun are particularly important in this regard. In the section titled ‘Aztec accounts of temples, palaces, and games related to Bernadino de Sahagun’, the work shows how the Aztec ritual of human sacrifice had a complex logic of its own, and was not a practice of meaningless violence as it is often portrayed to be (Wiesner). The Aztecs believed that human life was sustained by a continuous sacrifice made by the gods. They used the term tonacayotl for this purpose, which roughly translates into ‘the necessary spiritual bodily sacrifice’ on earth. ... Sahagun’s accounts show that the lofty temple-pyramids of the Aztecs served as the site for these sacrifices. Unbiased historical research has also shown that it is incorrect to assume that the only the common folk were victimized as a result of this practice. Such a claim can be refuted at many levels, the primary being the fact that slaves in the Aztec empire, who constituted the majority of those who were offered for sacrifice, were not determined by birth. Rather, they could be people from any social rank who had committed anything unlawful. In fact, there is evidence to believe that the people embraced and incorporated the custom in their lives quite willingly. Historical accounts also how that the Aztec rulers sacrificed their own blood to ensure the well-being of their subjects. The six parts to each chapter in Discovering the Global Past reflect an attempt to consider multifarious historical events and periods in a systematic, pedagogic manner. There is also a thorough investigation of the root causes of the cultural bias which has become an almost intrinsic part of most models of historical study regarding the Native American civilizations. Most of the colonial accounts of the Aztec empire were formulated during the years of the siege of Tenochtitlan by the Spaniards under the leadership of  Hernan Cortes. Perhaps it can be argued that the racism of the European colonizers, triggered by religious orthodoxy, was the first governing cause which shaped the colonial impulse. The flawed academic approach of presentism, too, can be attributed to certain kind of racism, and an inability to understand or appreciate other cultures. Presentism which labeled the Aztec ritual of human sacrifices as inhuman and barbaric

Portfolio Project Part 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Portfolio Project Part 5 - Essay Example amiliar with the physical railroad distinctiveness including passenger stations, the decline, and incline the locomotive to the right way and the speed is confined. Alongside conductor, the engineer observes time not to leave the station early, nor fall behind schedule. The speed of the train must be decreased when behind other trains, variable time over road to keep away from arriving early, or approaching route diversions (Patzak, 171). The engineer can assume the conductor’s duties and responsibilities if the conductor is sick or injured. The locomotive engineer is demanded of him to have a clear knowledge of railroad geometry that includes signal positions to control safely the train. Retaining concentration is of significant importance in this role. In various US railroads, the progression of career is one that begins as an assistant brakeman, then conductor and lastly, an engineer. The U S, engineers need accreditation and re-accredited after every 2 to 3 years. The least instructive prerequisite for a locomotive engineer is at least a high school diploma or its equivalent, two years college and another two years of public contact experience. Potential engineers should be at 21 years and above of age and in good bodily condition, not have drug or alcohol addiction troubles. Most training for this profession is on the job, through a simulator experience, hands on instruction and combination of classroom lessons. Students must normally pass training class for a conductor before being permitted to begin the locomotive engineering program (Rajegopal, et al 189). Train engineer is needed with a federal license to drive passenger or freight locomotive. After the completion of training program for engineers, potential applicants pass a written exam that tests their knowledge of train operations and skills performance test. Licensed applicants are required to pass a vision and hearing test, a surprise operational test that measures engineers’ reaction to

The Drug Policy System In Portugal Criminology Essay

The Drug Policy System In Portugal Criminology Essay In contrary to popular believe, it is not the Netherlands that has the most liberal drugs law, it is actually the Portugal. With its reputation of being the first European country to abolish all the criminal penalties for the personal possession of drugs (decriminalising) and at the same time enabling them to manage and control their drug problem effectively than every other country in the West, it is impossible to deny that Portuguese is a model for drug policy in the Europe. In this assignment, this will be discussed further in depth along with the comparisons of Portugal with the other (European) countries that has different drug policies in order to support this argument. CONTENT There are different types of drug control method used by different countries all over the world. There are the prohibition of drugs, the legalisation and finally, the systems of drug policy (such as decriminalisation, harm reduction and medicalisation). The prohibition of drugs is mainly done by countries such as Sweden, United States of America (USA) and Islamic countries where they criminalised drugs by penalising the drug user. The next method of drug control, legalisation of drugs as we speak are not yet done by any countries in the world as many are usually against this idea. However, Uruguay has proposed the legalising of marijuana in order to stop drug traffickers problem in their country (Cave, 2012). The other drug control method is a system of drug policy reform that is done by Portugal which is to be studied in this essay. This drug policy reform system consists of three aspects which are the decriminalisation of drugs, looking the drug issue in a medical perspective (medi calisation) and also harm reduction programs to lower the harm done by drug use. Some other countries that have also decriminalised drug use are as follow: Netherlands, Spain and Czech Republic, although they are being carried out differently in each country. On the 1st of July 2001, Portugal began a significant drastic policy change in its effort to reduce the escalating number of drug users and the problem related to drug use (particularly in the 1990s- which this problem was seen to worsen) in the country. The flagship of the new policy is to decriminalise the use and possession of drugs for personal use, introduced as a new law, Law 30/2000. Under this new law, the personal use and possession of drugs are made to be only administrative offenses rather than criminal offences. Portugal in the liberal drug policy coupled its decriminalisation with a public health reorientation with treatment and harm reduction put central in dealing with its drug problem. This decriminalisation also separates the drug user from the criminal justice system by identifying the drug user as patient, a health and social problem. In addition to this, the drug user will not have any criminal record for their drug offences but rather, an administrative offence. This distinguishes the drug policy from Spain where the policy is de facto decriminalisation where the drug user will still be judged by the criminal court. It is the stigmatisation that arises from conviction of criminal onto the drug user is what that Portuguese policy explicitly aims to avert. This medicalisation view at the same time is also a great measure to help the society out in order for it to develop as the effects of criminal conviction on the drug user will apparently be complicated once they are back in the soc iety such as in terms of seeking for employment and also, the loss of the drug users social esteem and friends or family (Pager, 2003). Together with that, the avoidance of stigma to the drug users will also make them more likely to seek for treatment and eventually have a better chance to succeed. In dealing with the administrative offences, each of the eighteen districts in Portugal will have at least one committee that deals only with drug use in that district ( however, larger ones will have more than one committee). In general, the committees will consist of three people; two people from the medical sector (physicians, psychologists, psychiatrists, or social workers) and another with a legal background. They are also better known as the Commissions for the Dissuasion of Drug Addiction (Comissà µes para a Dissuasà £o da Toxicodependà ªncia), the CDTs. People who are found in possession of drugs will be referred to the CDTs by the police. The person will then be expected to appear before the CDT within 72 hours after found by the police. The CDTs use targeted responses to drug users, including sanctions such as community service, fines, suspension of professional licences and bans on attending designated places. But their primary aim is to dissuade new drug users and to e ncourage dependent drug users to enter treatment. Towards this end they determine whether individuals are occasional or dependent drug users and then apply an appropriate sanction (Hughes and Stevens, 2007). However, the committee cannot mandate compulsory treatment, although its orientation is to induce addicts to enter and remain in treatment. Additionally, because the committees will see the users repeatedly, they would build up a relationship of trust with the addict. This kind of treatment to the drug user is more likely to succeed rather than other methods as the drug user enter the doctor-patient relationship on a voluntary basis and they are also given the choice to proceed with it or not, hence empowering them (Merril et al, 2002). This is done differently in other countries such as in Sweden, where treatment is quite inaccessible as drug users will be more likely to be given penalty for drug offences and can only undergo free treatment by applying to their local social wel fare board, but since the treatment is expensive, only a few thousands of applications are approved every year due to limited resources (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2007). In addition to its medicalisation view and the law changes done by Portugal to combat its drug use problem, harm reduction programs were also seen to be put central in their new drug policy. Drug treatment in Portugal can be classified into four main categories the outpatient drug treatment, the day care centres, the detoxification units and the therapeutic communities. All of the centre provide both psychosocial and substitution treatment. Day centres offering outpatient care and withdrawal treatment are provided by both public and non-governmental services. Inpatient psychosocial treatment mostly consists of therapeutic communities and is mainly available in private services. There is also short-term and long-term residential psychosocial drug treatment provided (The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 2011). As of 2011, there are about 40 projects that deal with drug users in order to make the drug use activity safer (Vale de Andrade and Carapinha, 2010). As h arm reduction acknowledges that the drug users are in most cases unable to go on abstinence but still need to be helped, the common methods to reduce harm consists of the following: needle exchange program in order to reduce the inevitable risks commonly associated with needle sharing (such as HIV) and also, special designated injection sites with medical supervision to educate drug users the safer injection techniques and to get them off the streets. Additionally, methadone and buprenorphine  subscriptions are also used so as to help street heroin addict in reduction of their number by curbing cravings (Christie et al, 2008). This measure of harm reduction and treatments provided by the country has seen a positive outcome as there have been significant reductions in Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C for people in the treatment and also, between the year 1999 2003 there was a 17% reduction in notifications of new, drug related cases of HIV (Beagrie, 2011). The effect of decriminalising also increased the number of people going in seeking for the treatment voluntarily. The treatment will also take place faster and increase the effectiveness as the drug users do not have to wait for the long process going through law enforcements such as that in Sweden and Spain. Although the prohibition of drug possession is done through administrative regulation, rather than criminal penalties, one of the many 13 objectives of the strategy, is to increase the enforcement of laws prohibiting trafficking and distribution of drugs in Portugal (Moreira et al, 2007). Before the new drug law was introduced in 2001, the time and resources of the justice system were greatly stretched when tasked with combating drug consumption. For instance, in 2000, 7592 charges for drug consumption were made by police, putting a huge strain on the courts and prisons. One year after the policy changes, 6026 users, instead of going through the traditional route of prosecution and incarceration, were referred to dissuasion groups. This not only lessened the burden on the justice system, but also allowed the police to focus on the real criminals in the drug industry. Charges for trafficking increased by 11% when compared to the four years prior to decriminalisation (Hughes and Steven s, 2007) and the police were able to target traffickers instead of low level users. By combining decriminalisation with alternative therapeutic/educational responses to drug dependency, the burden of drug law enforcement on the overall criminal justice system is greatly reduced  (Beckley Foundation, 2012). Furthermore according to research, drug treatment is the most cost-effective way of addressing drug problem compare to imprisoning the drug user which is very expensive. Moreover, drug treatment was found to be able to cut crime by 80%, other than its ability to help the societys health by decreasing the risk of contracting drug related disease such as HIV and hepatitis. However, this policy is not effective at the moment in country like United States and Sweden as there is a severe shortage drug treatment programs provided by the countries and the fact that treatment is not made free of charge as it is done in Portugal (News Briefs, 1998). The decriminalising of drug has also been proven to diminish the size of the black market for drugs in the Portugal. This is done by stealing the consumers of the drug dealers, which are actually the real criminals here in the war against drug. The Portugal government supplied the drug substitutions for free of charge as a part of their drug treatment hence there is no demand for the drugs supplied by the dealers. As there is no more demand in the black market drug dealing, they are mostly will be out of business, therefore will eradicate them (Swan, 2012). In another argument regarding the decriminalising of drug in Portugal and the black market is that by bringing drug (replacements) into the legitimate economy, it will also ultimately separate the drugs from the black market itself. This will greatly reduce the risk by the black market dealers where hard drugs are often pushed onto buyers, who are only in to buy less dangerous drugs than promoted by the dealers. This will help a l ot in decreasing the risk of exposure on the drug users to a more dangerous drug. In essence, this will also help the removal of the gateway effect in which this undermines many arguments against the decriminalising of drugs (such as the Swedens zero tolerance for drugs) policy and shows that users will not be forced by dealers to buy cocaine, for instance, when all they want is marijuana (Herrington, 2012). Furthermore by making the drug substitutes available, it will bring to an end to the common association of drug taking and being cool or the forbidden fruit theory among the younger group. The usual use factor for drugs for them is usually peer pressure, to be accepted by others and look or feel as cool as the other youth who are also taking drugs. This is usually caused by the desire to do something different or rebel out of the norm. Therefore, by making drug replacements available, drug taking will no longer be an activity that is attractive or unordinary for them (United Nat ions Office on Drugs and Crime, 2012). Ever since this new drug policy came into place in the year 2001, numerous positive evaluations have been observed instantly regarding the drug use problem across the country. One of the primary indicators on drug use available in Portugal concerns the lifetime prevalence amongst school student. According to the statistics collected the changes in lifetime prevalence of drug use among students aged 16-18 has gone down in the year 2003 comparatively before the new policy was introduced in the year 1999. The decrease of prevalence for the number of the usage of heroin for the students is 2.5% in 1999 and 1.8% in 2003. Whereas, for cannabis it is seen to be increasing, as in 1999, the number is 9.4% and in 2003, 15.1%. These figures suggest that, while cannabis use among young people may have increased, heroin use has decreased. Although some argued that this decline is not statistically significant for Portugal, the neighbouring country, Italy however saw an increase during the same pe riod of the decline in Portugal intravenous drug use (Beckley Foundation, 2012). This just strengthened the argument that this new policy works up to a certain extent instantaneously after its introduction. Also, as desired with the substantial improvement of drug user to seek for treatment, the Portuguese authorities have recorded a reduction in the numbers of heroin users who are entering treatment for the first time. It seems that initiation into heroin use is falling, while cannabis use is rising towards the levels which are also experienced in some other European countries. This indication is supported by the pattern of referrals to the CDT (IDT, 2007) in which it was found that there is about 28% increase between the year 2001 and 2005 for the referral of cannabis drug user while for heroin a decrease of 55% was seen in terms of the referrals to the CDT. As there has been an increase in the young people appearing before CDTs for cannabis, and a decrease in those appearing for heroin the explanation for this is it is a part of the corresponding trend increase as part of the other European nations. This increase is also because of the increasing self-reported drug use due to the reduced stigma attached to the drug use compared to pre-decriminalisation (Hughes and Stevens, 2007). As more people are seeking and undergoing drug treatment, the amount of addiction was also seen to decrease and more importantly, this also enable the country to manage and reduce the harms related to drug use as Portugal has had a serious problem with the transmission of HIV and other blood borne viruses. For instance during the year 1999 Portugal had the highest rate of HIV amongst injecting drug users in the European Union (The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug, 2000). This is why the major target of the Portuguese public health approach to drug use is the harm reduction, with opiate substitution treatment and needle exchange being an important element of the Portuguese response. As a result, between the year 1999 and 2003, there was a 17% reduction in the notifications of new, drug related cases of HIV (Tavares et al, 2005). Likely for the same reasons, since 2000, there were also reductions in the numbers of tracked cases of Hepatitis C and B in treatment centres nat ionwide, despite the increasing numbers of people in treatment (Greenwald, 2009). According to Greenwald (2009) beyond the disease, the mortality rates of the drug related was also found to be decreasing as well. In absolute numbers, drug-related deaths from 2002 to 2006 for every prohibited substance have either declined significantly or remained constant compared with 2001. In 2000, for instance, the number of deaths from opiates (including heroin) was 281. That number has decreased steadily since decriminalisation, to 133 in 2006. This fact is also supported by other findings that the total drug related death in the country almost halved between the year of 1999 and 2003, which are 369 and 152, respectively. The large drop in deaths is also associated to decline in the use of heroin. This fall in deaths related to opiates (heroin) has been linked to the big increase in the numbers of heroin users who have entered substitution treatment (Tavares et al, 2005), as substitution treatment has repeatedly been found to be effective in reducing the mortality rate of th e opiate users. It is also an indication of the falling levels of heroin use (Hughes and Stevens, 2007). Unlike the Netherlands and Switzerland, the fears of drug tourism with the decriminalisation of drugs have turned out to be completely untrue as this has simply not been the case. In accordance to this, approximately 95% of people sent to CDTs were of Portuguese origin, which implies that tourists are not travelling to the country to abuse its liberal approach to narcotics (Beckley Foundation, 2012). After five years since the introduction of this new policy, both the general and the youth populations prevalence of drug use in the country are below European Union (EU) average. Also, the overall population prevalence of drug use is actually the lowest compare to the other EU nations, of below 10% as the highest is above 30% for Denmark. To make it better by and large, the usage rates for each category of drugs is found to be lower in the EU than it is in the non- EU states with a far more criminalised approach to drug usage such as the USA which has the highest level of usage for ille gal cocaine and cannabis in the world. With the USA approach to drug criminalisation that appears to cause a higher drug usage rates among Americans, and also this trend in general, appear to be worsening, contrasted with the far better rates in decriminalised Portugal. This suggests that severe criminalisation laws against drug use do not necessarily produce lower drug usage, as instead data suggest that the contradictory may be true (Greenwald, 2009). However, too liberal effort in order to combat the drug use such as the Netherlands lenient way of dealing with soft drugs policy is proven to be ineffective as well as even though they too, decriminalise drugs like Portugal, they do not actually practice and make the harm reduction and CDT programs in dealing with the drug users in its drug policy. Along with this, contrasting to Portugal, they in a way legalise the selling of certain drugs through the coffee shops hence, attracting drug tourists from all over the world. As a confir mation, the drug lifetime experience prevalence of the Dutch population is on the average, not the lowest along with the fact that Netherlands is the most crime-prone nation in Europe with most of its drug addicts live on state welfare payments and by committing crimes (World and I, 2012). Additionally, the number of drug induced deaths recorded for Netherlands is higher than that in the Portugal which is 129 in the year 2008, compare to only 94 in the Portugal (The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 2011). CONCLUSION The drug policy system in Portugal is definitely a model drug policy for the Europe as can be analysed throughout the essay. Although it is liberal in its own way, it still try to reduce as much as it can the prevalence of drug use along with putting harm reduction and treatment programmes central in its war against drugs. The Portuguese policy tries to avoid the use of harsh policy such as criminalising as done in countries like Sweden and the USA as it is proven to only backfire. Other than that, it is also not as liberal as it is done in the Netherlands where, certain drug use are treated in such a lenient manner which is also proven to be ineffective comparatively to the one done by Portugal. Moreover, with the successful and positive evaluations ever since the policy was implemented in 2001 that managed to bring out a country that was once the most problematic in the EU in terms of its drug use, to the current lowest drug use overall prevalence, it is doubted why it will not wor k for the other European countries where the social-economic background is mostly similar.

Morality and Importance of Moral Values

Raising a family in a society that is fast-paced and ever changing can make it confusing to know just which values to teach your children. As a general rule, it’s up to you to teach your children what to believe, and how they should live their lives. But when it comes to teaching and instilling moral values, I’d love to pass on a few values to teach your children from a young age. These are simple and common everyday values that are quickly fading from our younger generation. Read on to discover what they are!1. RESPECTOne of the most important values to teach your children is respect. Having worked in several daycare facilities, I’ve seen children who have no respect for authority at all. It’s exasperating to the teacher, and to the parent when they arrive to pick up their kids. By teaching your kids respect, you are doing the world, yourself, and your child a favor! Life will go much easier for them with a little respect under their hat. If you have got to give a speech on moral values you have to stress the significance of moral values in life and should never ignore them. Here are some things you may use so that you can present this essential subject to your audience.You can say moral values are necessary because the Bible instructs us to be moral. Actually, during history moral values have been the foundation of our education. First of all mom and dad, then school, and finally universities and colleges were instructing us to be kind, honest, sincere, warmhearted, and so on. Religion used to be one of the most effective instruments to instill moral values into people. Religion has been getting rid of its impact in many states around the globe. These days it is still vital to many, but only for a segment of lots of societies. Moral values are still widely used as a debate topic, but regrettably they are often no that significant for a lot of people.The importance of moral values in life is one thing nobody can seriously argue with , despite the fact that today it is a popular practice. Many well known film and popular music superstars, political figures, and other successful people speak about liberal values – freedom of expression, religious beliefs, a hedonistic lifestyle, etc. Their point is that individual freedom is the most significant value to fight for! No person can  make you do what you do not want to do, so you are free to be bad or kind, sincere, or not – it is your individual decision, and everyone have to appreciate it.That is why it's acceptable to abuse alcohol, take drugs, and be impolite, rude or even cruel – if you prefer to act like that, it is your right. Freedom is the only value! Needless to say, liberal values are not that awful. The problem is they in some way destroy the moral foundation of the modern society. When the Bible is no longer the primary instructor of moral behavior, at least, for Christians, there's a risk people will stop thinking about moral valu es as important.This is currently happening in most liberal democratic nations in comparison to traditional Eastern ones, where the religious impact of Islam is still big. We may discuss the political regimes of those states, and the exercise of individual freedom and human rights there, but there’s a thing most people will agree with – they stress the importance of moral values in life; it's the key component of their tradition.Speech on Moral Values and the Importance of Moral Values in Life: Are They truly Important?In your speech on moral values you have to find out the actual importance of moral values in life. In the modern world of income oriented individuals it's hard to stay a moral person; nevertheless it's not extremely hard. Many do. Every single day we hear that a lot of people are murdered by criminals; in a number of states they brazenly shoot and kill rival gangs members on the streets all simply because of money.Cash is the value. Not kindness or princ iples. Not morals. Greed for money is the only driving force of these people! Every single day we see how people tell a lie, do everything possible to have the job they need, even it demands that they do something awful, against the law, or immoral. Young men try to have a girl they wish without any idea about moral values. This ought to help you with materials for your speech on moral values. We realize the significance of moral values in life, don’t we? And right now, after having a short speech on moral values, we're ready to write a moral values essay.Moral Values Essay: Writing TipsWhen writing your moral values essay do not forget to stick to the structure. Your essay should contain an introduction, a body paragraph and a conclusion. Moreover, your moral values essay should present your own point of view on the topic. In fact, you may use the ideas listed above and support them with your additional thoughts. When summarizing your essay, give your readers a clear conclus ion on the importance of moral values in our life.Speech on Moral Values and Moral Values Essay: HelpIf you continue to think your speech on moral values or your moral values essay can not be done without qualified help, or you simply lack the spare time to do it on your own – professional writing company is ready to assist you! We have authors skilled in different disciplines. Furthermore, all of them have a Masters degree or a PhD; so composing an essay or a speech for university won't be a problem for them. It'll be created from scratch in accordance to your recommendations and within your deadline.Besides, you'll also get: Absolutely free on-line 24/7 help. Free of charge proofreading and editing. 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Argumentative Essay Topics about Animals Can Be Fun for Everyone

Argumentative Essay Topics about Animals Can Be Fun for Everyone Studies demonstrate that a dog's brain releases oxytocin the moment it interacts with different dogs or humans. Service animals perform broad range of services and tasks for individuals with disabilities, and lots of disabled individuals wouldn't have the ability to function effectively without their animals. Argumentative essay is a kind of written assignment where you're predicted to provide your opinion on a particular matter and supply evidence that supports your opinion. Without regard to the quantity or variety of research involved, argumentative essays must set a very clear thesis and follow sound reasoning. Usually, the argumentative essay has the identical outline as most classic papers. Regardless of the popular myth, a very good argumentative essay is more than simply hoping to show your point with a couple arguments. Make certain all the things you're writing is accurate. In instances when you get to select the topic for an argumentative essay, you need to be wise and locate a title that will intrigue a reader. Each and every area of the essay exerts a specific function in its general structure. An argumentative essay is a writing piece intended to persuade a person to believe the way that you do. Recent argumentative essay topics that are related to society is going to do. Your essay should consist of recent statistics and data from reliable sources. An argumentative essay is a certain sort of academic writing. It will require you to take a particular stance about the topic you are writing about. Nowadays it is quite difficult to locate a trustworthy essay writing service. If you decide to be an independent essay writer, you can expect the exact same. Researching the topic will permit you to find out more about what fascinates you, and should you pick something you truly like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. Writing skills in college isn't restricted to essays. The Hidden Truth on Argumentative Essay Topics about Animals It's possible to write a descriptive essay on a lot of things What category you opt for can help you decide how you should begin. You also have to allow the reader know how you're going to describe the topic. Popular topics are simpler to write about since there are lots of sources to strengthen your statement, but from a reader's point of view, a favorite essay topic isn't exactly beneficial. You don't need to acquire super technical with legal argumentative essays, but be certain to do your homework on what the recent laws about your favorite topic actually say. You're going to need to choose a topic first, but your topic ought to be something that has two conflicting points or distinct conclusions. When you start to work on the topic the next points should be taken under consideration. Therefore, the topic needs to be debatable! Introducing Argumentative Essay Topics about Animals Nevertheless, before you begin devising your arguments, you will need to think about several facets. You might also want to incorporate a brief discussion of more research that needs to be completed in light of your work. Besides general knowledge you have concerning the subject, you won't mind dedicating some opportunity to research, writing procedure, and other aspects essential for the high-quality essay. To supply context, you want to examine the field from an overall perspective be fore expanding on its significance. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. By way of example, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing viewpoint. Pick the side and stick with it as you compose the paper. The most frequently encountered paper writing service that the vast majority of our clients require is essay writing. Things You Won't Like About Argumentative Essay Topics about Animals and Things You Will When you're composing your essay make certain that you create the side that you're taking clear and which you truly believe in the point that you're making. As a consequence, any argumentative essay topics that you decide to write about regarding nutrition should have at least two sides to them, so that you could argue for or against something. Your facts ought to be truthful. Bear in mind an argumentative essay is based more on facts instead of emotion. Using Ar gumentative Essay Topics about Animals The type of information which Becky just got new automobile interior is totally useless in the very long run. The most significant thing is for you to understand your views on a particular thing about animals and attempt to persuade different folks to find things from your viewpoint. When you're picking your topic, remember that it's much simpler to write about something which you currently have interest ineven in case you don't know a great deal about it. For instance, you can write about something that personally affects you or somebody you know. Animal sport needs to be banned and criminalized. The effects of pursuing materialistic lifestyle are the inability to get to the state of happiness in your life. You may start looking for assorted family topics to compose your argumentative essay on in the event you find it difficult to deal with some family responsibilities. If you wish to share because many examples from your private life and experience as possible, most probably you will recall your family members and friends.

Promoting Good Governance in Public Institutions in Ghana,...

RESEARCH PROPOSAL Promoting Good Governance in Public Institutions of Ghana: The Role of the Internal Auditor Introduction All over the world there is a realization that the Internal Audit activity has the potential to provide hitherto unparalleled services to management in the conduct of their duties. This potential has been turned into a challenge and embodied in the new definition of Internal Auditing from the Institute of Internal Auditors (the IIA). Background of the Study The Government of the Republic of Ghana by the Internal Audit Agency Act, 2003 (Act 658)established the Internal Audit Agency â€Å"as an apex oversight body to co-ordinate, facilitate and provide quality assurance for Internal Audit activities within the public sector†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦These are as follows: 1. Professional Practice Framework which aims at developing key documents and templates for use by the Internal Audit function such the Internal Audit Regulations, Internal Auditing Standards, Audit Programmes Internal Audit Charter and Annual Audit Planning templates. 2. Human Resource Development which seeks to facilitate the recruitment, training and development of internal auditors to be proficient in applying internal audit standards, procedures and techniques in performing engagements. 3. Quality Assurance and Improvement which addresses the issue of continues improvement in the performance of the internal audit activity. Definition of Internal Audit According to the Institute of Internal Auditors, â€Å"internal auditing is an independent, objectiveassurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organization’soperations. It helps an organization accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control, and governance processes† (March 2007).This definition actually seeks to demonstrate the depth and breadth of the internal audit activity within an institution as against the previous orientation of reviewing payment transactions over the years. Modern internal audit covers (or should cover) all activities of theShow MoreRelatedInternal Auditing in an Organization and Its Effects on Financial Administration and Controls14791 Words   |  60 Pagesfinancial statements by a professional auditor or accountant who has had no part in its preparation. 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